Thanki yosungiramo madzi a ammonia
Ammonia yamadzimadzi ili m'gulu la mankhwala oopsa chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zoyaka, zophulika, komanso za poizoni. Malinga ndi "Kuzindikira Magwero Akuluakulu Oopsa a Mankhwala Oopsa" (GB18218-2009), kuchuluka kofunikira kosungira ammonia kopitilira matani 10*** ndi gwero lalikulu la ngozi. Matanki onse osungira ammonia amadzimadzi amagawidwa m'magulu atatu a ziwiya zopondereza. Tsopano fufuzani makhalidwe ndi zoopsa zoopsa panthawi yopanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito thanki yosungira ammonia yamadzimadzi, ndikupereka njira zina zodzitetezera komanso zadzidzidzi kuti mupewe ngozi.
Kusanthula zoopsa za thanki yosungiramo ammonia yamadzimadzi panthawi yogwira ntchito
Mphamvu zoopsa za ammonia
Ammonia ndi mpweya wopanda mtundu komanso wowonekera bwino wokhala ndi fungo loipa, lomwe limasungunuka mosavuta kukhala ammonia yamadzimadzi. Ammonia ndi yopepuka kuposa mpweya ndipo imasungunuka mosavuta m'madzi. Popeza ammonia yamadzimadzi imasinthasintha mosavuta kukhala ammonia, ammonia ndi mpweya zikasakanikirana pamlingo winawake, zimatha kuyikidwa pamoto wotseguka, mulingo wapamwamba kwambiri ndi 15-27%, mumlengalenga wozungulira wa workshop ***** *Kuchuluka kovomerezeka ndi 30mg/m3. Mpweya wotuluka wa ammonia ukhoza kuyambitsa poizoni, kuyabwa m'maso, m'mapapo, kapena pakhungu, ndipo pali chiopsezo cha kutentha kozizira kwa mankhwala.
Kusanthula zoopsa za njira zopangira ndi zogwirira ntchito
1. Kulamulira kuchuluka kwa ammonia
Ngati kuchuluka kwa ammonia komwe kumatulutsidwa kuli kothamanga kwambiri, mphamvu yoyendetsera ntchito ya madzi ndi yotsika kwambiri, kapena kulephera kwina kwa zida zina zowongolera, ndi zina zotero, mpweya wopangidwa ndi mphamvu yothamanga kwambiri umatuluka m'thanki yosungiramo ammonia yamadzimadzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thanki yosungiramo zinthu izikhala yopanikizika kwambiri komanso kuti ammonia ituluke kwambiri, zomwe zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri. Kulamulira kuchuluka kwa ammonia n'kofunika kwambiri.
2. Kuchuluka kwa malo osungira
Mphamvu yosungira madzi ya thanki yosungira madzi ya ammonia imaposa 85% ya voliyumu ya thanki yosungiramo, ndipo kuthamanga kumaposa kuchuluka kwa control index kapena ntchitoyo imachitikira mu thanki yozungulira ya ammonia yamadzimadzi. Ngati njira ndi masitepe sizitsatiridwa mosamala mu malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito, kutayikira kwa kuthamanga kwambiri kudzachitika***** *ngozi.
3. Kudzaza madzi a ammonia
Ammonia yamadzimadzi ikadzazidwa, kudzaza kwambiri sikumachitika motsatira malamulo, ndipo kuphulika kwa payipi yodzaza kudzayambitsa ngozi zotayikira ndi poizoni.
Kusanthula zoopsa za zida ndi malo ogwirira ntchito
1. Kapangidwe, kuyang'anira, ndi kukonza matanki osungira madzi a ammonia kulibe kapena kulibe, ndipo zowonjezera zachitetezo monga ma level gauges, pressure gauges, ndi ma valve achitetezo zili ndi vuto kapena zobisika, zomwe zingayambitse ngozi zotayikira kwa thanki.
2. M'chilimwe kapena kutentha kukakwera, thanki yosungiramo madzi ya ammonia imakhala ndi ma awning, madzi ozizira okhazikika komanso zinthu zina zodzitetezera monga momwe zimafunikira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thanki yosungiramo zinthu ituluke mopitirira muyeso.
3. Kuwonongeka kapena kulephera kwa chitetezo cha mphezi ndi malo oletsa kusinthasintha kapena kukhazikika kwa nthaka kungayambitse kugwedezeka kwa magetsi ku thanki yosungiramo zinthu.
4. Kulephera kwa ma alarm a njira zopangira, maloko olumikizirana, kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwadzidzidzi, ma alarm a gasi oyaka ndi oopsa ndi zida zina kungayambitse ngozi zotulutsa mpweya wochuluka kapena kukulitsa thanki yosungiramo zinthu.
Njira zopewera ngozi
Njira zodzitetezera pa ntchito yopanga
1. Tsatirani mosamala njira zogwirira ntchito
Samalani momwe ammonia imagwirira ntchito m'mipiringidzo yopangidwa, wongolerani kuchuluka kwa madzi komwe kumalekanitsidwa ndi kuzizira komanso ammonia, sungani kuchuluka kwa madzi mkati mwa 1/3 mpaka 2/3, ndikuletsa kuchuluka kwa madzi kukhala kotsika kwambiri kapena kokwera kwambiri.
2. Yang'anirani mwamphamvu kuthamanga kwa thanki yosungiramo madzi ya ammonia
Kuchuluka kwa ammonia yamadzimadzi yosungiramo zinthu sikuyenera kupitirira 85% ya kuchuluka kwa thanki yosungiramo zinthu. Pa nthawi yopangidwa bwino, thanki yosungiramo ammonia yamadzimadzi iyenera kuyendetsedwa pamlingo wochepa, nthawi zambiri mkati mwa 30% ya kuchuluka kotetezeka kodzaza, kuti tipewe kusungira ammonia chifukwa cha kutentha kwa malo ozungulira. Kukula kwakukulu ndi kukwera kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi kungayambitse kupanikizika kwambiri mu thanki yosungiramo zinthu.
3. Malangizo oteteza ku kudzazidwa kwa ammonia yamadzimadzi
Ogwira ntchito omwe amaika ammonia ayenera kupititsa maphunziro aukadaulo achitetezo asanayambe ntchito zawo. Ayenera kudziwa bwino momwe zinthu zilili, makhalidwe awo, njira zogwirira ntchito, kapangidwe kake, mfundo yogwirira ntchito, makhalidwe oopsa a ammonia yamadzimadzi komanso njira zochizira mwadzidzidzi.
Musanadzaze, ziphaso monga kutsimikizira fizikisi ya thanki, chilolezo chogwiritsa ntchito thanki, chilolezo choyendetsa galimoto, satifiketi yoperekeza, ndi chilolezo choyendera ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa. Zowonjezera zachitetezo ziyenera kukhala zathunthu komanso zomvera, ndipo kuwunika kuyenera kukhala koyenera; kuthamanga kwa thanki musanadzaze kuyenera kukhala kochepa. Zosakwana 0.05 MPa; magwiridwe antchito a payipi yolumikizira ammonia ayenera kuyang'aniridwa.
Anthu omwe amaika ammonia ayenera kutsatira mosamala njira zogwiritsira ntchito thanki yosungiramo ammonia yamadzimadzi, ndipo ayenera kusamala kuti kuchuluka kwa kudzaza kosapitirira 85% ya kuchuluka kwa thanki yosungiramo madzi akamadzaza.
Ogwira ntchito omwe amaika ammonia ayenera kuvala zophimba mpweya ndi magolovesi oteteza; malowo ayenera kukhala ndi zida zozimitsira moto ndi zoteteza mpweya; panthawi yodzaza, sayenera kuchoka pamalowo, komanso kuwongolera kuthamanga kwa galimoto ya thanki, ma flange a mapaipi kuti awone ngati pali kutuluka kwa madzi, ndi zina zotero, gasi ya galimoto ya thanki. Ibwezereninso ku makina moyenera ndipo musaitulutse nthawi iliyonse yomwe mukufuna. Ngati pali vuto lililonse lachilendo monga kutuluka kwa madzi, siyani kudzaza nthawi yomweyo, ndipo tengani njira zodalirika zopewera ngozi zosayembekezereka.
Kuyendera pafupipafupi kwa malo oyika ammonia, njira ndi njira ziyenera kuchitika tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo zolemba zowunikira ndi kudzaza ziyenera kupangidwa.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-31-2021
