M'mawa wa pa 13 Januwale, 2021, chitsanzo choyamba padziko lonse cha uinjiniya wa maglev wothamanga kwambiri komanso woyeserera pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo woyambirira wa Southwest Jiaotong University chinayambitsidwa mwalamulo ku Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China. Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha kupita patsogolo kuyambira pachiyambi pa kafukufuku wa pulojekiti ya maglev wothamanga kwambiri wothamanga kwambiri ku China ndipo dziko lathu lili ndi zofunikira zoyesera ndi kuwonetsa uinjiniya.
Nkhani Yoyamba Padziko Lonse; Pangani Chitsanzo
Kuyambitsa kwa mzere woyesera waukadaulo wa superconducting magnetic levitation wa kutentha kwambiri ndi woyamba padziko lonse lapansi. Ndi woyimira kupanga kwanzeru kwa China ndipo wapanga chitsanzo pankhani ya superconductivity ya kutentha kwambiri.
Ukadaulo wa sitima ya maglev yoyendera kutentha kwambiri uli ndi ubwino wosakhala ndi kukhazikika kwa gwero, kapangidwe kosavuta, kusunga mphamvu, kusakhala ndi kuipitsidwa kwa mankhwala ndi phokoso, chitetezo ndi chitonthozo, komanso mtengo wotsika wogwirira ntchito. Ndi mtundu watsopano wabwino kwambiri wa mayendedwe a sitima, woyenera madera osiyanasiyana othamanga, makamaka woyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mizere yothamanga kwambiri komanso yothamanga kwambiri; Ukadaulo uwu ndi ukadaulo wa sitima ya maglev yoyendera kutentha kwambiri yokhala ndi mawonekedwe odziyimitsa, odziwongolera okha, komanso odzilimbitsa okha. Ndi njira yatsopano yoyendera sitima yomwe ikuyang'anizana ndi chitukuko chamtsogolo komanso mwayi wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Ukadaulowu ndi woyamba kupangidwa m'malo okhala ndi mlengalenga, ndipo liwiro logwirira ntchito lomwe likuyembekezeka ndi loposa 600 km/h, zomwe zikuyembekezeka kupanga mbiri yatsopano ya liwiro la magalimoto pamtunda m'malo okhala ndi mlengalenga.
Gawo lotsatira ndikuphatikiza ukadaulo wa mapaipi otayira mpweya mtsogolo kuti apange njira yonse yoyendera yomwe imadzaza mipata ya mayendedwe apamtunda ndi liwiro la mayendedwe amlengalenga, zomwe zidzakhazikitsa maziko a kupita patsogolo kwa nthawi yayitali pa liwiro loposa 1000 km/h, potero kumanga njira yatsopano yoyendera pamtunda. Kusintha kwamtsogolo komanso kosokoneza pakukula kwa mayendedwe a sitima.
△ Zithunzi Zamtsogolo △
Ukadaulo wa Magnetic Levitation
Pakadali pano, pali ukadaulo wa "super magnetic levitation" zitatu padziko lonse lapansi.
Ukadaulo wa electromagnetic levitation ku Germany:
Mfundo ya maginito yamagetsi imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa sitimayo ndi njanji. Pakadali pano, sitima ya maginito ya Shanghai, sitima ya maginito yomwe ikumangidwa ku Changsha ndi Beijing zonse zili mu sitimayi.
Ukadaulo wa ku Japan wogwiritsa ntchito maginito opititsa patsogolo kutentha pang'ono:
Gwiritsani ntchito mphamvu ya superconducting ya zinthu zina pa kutentha kochepa (kozizira mpaka -269°C ndi helium yamadzimadzi) kuti sitimayo iyende bwino, monga mzere wa maglev wa Shinkansen ku Japan.
Ukadaulo wa ku China wogwiritsa ntchito maginito opititsa patsogolo kutentha kwambiri:
Mfundo yake ndi yofanana ndi ya superconductivity yotsika kutentha, koma kutentha kwake kogwira ntchito ndi -196°C.
Mu zoyeserera zam'mbuyomu, kukwera kwa maginito kumeneku m'dziko lathu sikungoyimitsidwa kokha komanso kungayimitsidwe.
△ Nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi ndi ma superconductors △
Ubwino wa Sitima ya Maglev Yoyendetsa Magetsi Yotentha Kwambiri
Kusunga mphamvu:Kuyendetsa ndi kutsogolera sizimafuna mphamvu yogwira ntchito kapena magetsi a galimoto, ndipo makinawo ndi osavuta. Kuyimitsa ndi kutsogolera kumafunika kuziziritsidwa ndi nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi yotsika mtengo (77 K), ndipo 78% ya mpweya ndi nayitrogeni.
Chitetezo cha chilengedwe:Kutulutsa mphamvu ya maginito yotsika kwambiri kutentha kwambiri kumatha kuchitika motsatizana, popanda phokoso; njira yokhazikika ya maginito imapanga mphamvu ya maginito yosasinthasintha, ndipo mphamvu ya maginito pamalo pomwe okwera amakhudza ndi zero, ndipo palibe kuipitsa kwa maginito.
Liwilo lalikulu:Kutalika kwa levitation (10 ~ 30 mm) kungapangidwe momwe kungafunikire, ndipo kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyambira pa static mpaka low, medium, high speed komanso ultra-high speed. Poyerekeza ndi ukadaulo wina wa maginito levitation, ndi yoyenera kwambiri kunyamula mapaipi a vacuum (oposa 1000 km/h).
Chitetezo:Mphamvu ya levitation imawonjezeka kwambiri pamene kutalika kwa levitation kumachepa, ndipo chitetezo cha ntchito chikhoza kutsimikizika popanda kulamulira mbali yoyima. Dongosolo lowongolera lodziyimira lokha lingathandizenso kuonetsetsa kuti ntchitoyo ikuyenda bwino mbali yopingasa.
Chitonthozo:"Mphamvu yokhomerera" yapadera ya superconductor yotentha kwambiri imasunga thupi la galimoto kukhala lokhazikika mmwamba ndi pansi, zomwe ndi kukhazikika komwe kumakhala kovuta kuti galimoto iliyonse ikwaniritse. Chomwe okwera amakumana nacho akakwera ndi "kumva ngati palibe chomwe chimachitika".
Mtengo wotsika wogwirira ntchito:Poyerekeza ndi magalimoto a ku Germany oyendera magetsi okhazikika komanso magalimoto a ku Japan oyendera magetsi otsika kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito helium yamadzimadzi, ali ndi ubwino wolemera pang'ono, kapangidwe kosavuta, komanso ndalama zochepa zopangira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Nayitrogeni Yamadzimadzi Mwasayansi ndi Ukadaulo
Chifukwa cha makhalidwe a ma superconductor, superconductor iyenera kumizidwa mu malo a nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi pa -196℃ panthawi yogwira ntchito.
Kuyendetsa maginito kopitilira kutentha kwambiri (high-temperature superconducting magnetic levitation) ndi ukadaulo womwe umagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a magnetic flux pinning a zipangizo zambiri zoyendetsera kutentha kwambiri (high-temperature superconducting bulk materials) kuti akwaniritse kuyendetsa bwino popanda kulamulira mwamphamvu.
Galimoto Yodzaza Nayitrogeni Yamadzimadzi
Galimoto yodzaza nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi Sichuan Haishengjie Cryogenic Technology Co., Ltd. cha pulojekiti ya maglev yothamanga kwambiri yopangira superconducting. Ndiwo maziko a ukadaulo wa maglev - Dewar yowonjezera nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi.
△ Kugwiritsa Ntchito Galimoto Yodzaza Nayitrogeni Yamadzimadzi △
Kapangidwe ka sitimayo, ntchito yobwezeretsanso nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi ikhoza kuchitika pafupi ndi sitimayo.
Dongosolo lodzaza madzi la semi-automatic nitrogen limatha kupereka ma dewar 6 ndi madzi a nayitrogeni nthawi imodzi.
Dongosolo lolamulira lodziyimira pawokha la njira zisanu ndi chimodzi, doko lililonse lodzazanso likhoza kulamulidwa payekhapayekha.
Chitetezo chotsika cha kuthamanga, tetezani mkati mwa Dewar panthawi yodzazanso.
Chitetezo cha magetsi a 24V.
Thanki Yoperekera Zinthu Yodzikakamiza
Ndi thanki yoperekera madzi yodzipangira yokha yomwe imapangidwa mwapadera kuti isungidwe ndi nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi. Nthawi zonse yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito potengera kapangidwe kake kotetezeka, khalidwe labwino kwambiri lopangira komanso masiku ataliatali osungira nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi.
△ Mndandanda Wowonjezera wa Nayitrogeni Wamadzimadzi △
△ Kugwiritsa ntchito thanki yodzaza madzi yokha △
Pulojekiti ikupitirira
Masiku angapo apitawo, tagwira ntchito ndi akatswiri ochokera ku Southwest Jiaotong University.
Ndinachita kafukufuku wotsatira wa pulojekiti ya maglev yothamanga kwambiri yotchedwa superconducting
△ Malo a Msonkhano △
Ndife olemekezeka kwambiri kuti titha kutenga nawo mbali mu ntchito yoyambitsayi nthawi ino. M'tsogolomu, tidzapitilizanso kugwirizana ndi ntchito yofufuza yotsatira ya pulojekitiyi kuti tipange njira iliyonse yopitira patsogolo pa ntchito yoyambitsayi.
Timakhulupirira
Sayansi ndi ukadaulo wa China zidzapambanadi
Tsogolo la China lili ndi ziyembekezo zambiri
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-13-2021
